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Elections in Italy

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National-level elections in Italy are called periodically to form a parliament consisting of two houses: the Chamber of Deputies (Camera dei Deputati) with 400 members; and the Senate of the Republic (Senato della Repubblica) with 200 elected members, plus a few appointed senators for life. Italy is a parliamentary republic: the President of the Republic is elected for a seven-year term by the two houses of Parliament in joint session, together with special electors appointed by the Regional Councils.

Italy had a mixed-member majoritarian system in place between 1993 and 2005.[1] The 2006 elections were the first elections conducted under a closed-list proportional system rather than a mixed system.[1]

The most recent Italian general election was held on 25 September 2022.

2022 general election

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The last general election was held on 25 September 2022

The centre-right coalition, in which Giorgia Meloni's Brothers of Italy emerged as the main political force, won an absolute majority of seats in the Chamber of Deputies and in the Senate of the Republic. The centre-left coalition, the anti-establishment Five Star Movement and the centrist Action - Italia Viva came in second, third and fourth respectively.

Chamber of Deputies

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Coalition Party Proportional First-past-the-post Aosta Valley Overseas Total
seats
Votes % Seats Votes % Seats Votes % Seats Votes % Seats
Centre-right coalition (Italy) Brothers of Italy 7,302,517 26.00 69 12,300,244 43.79 49 16,016 28.80 0 281,949 26.00 1 119
Lega (political party) 2,464,005 8.77 23 42 0 1 66
Forza Italia (2013) 2,278,217 8.11 22 23 0 0 45
Us Moderates 255,505 0.91 0 7 0 0 0 0 7
Centre-left coalition (Italy) Democratic Party – Democratic and Progressive Italy 5,356,180 19.07 57 7,337,975 26.13 8 0 0 0 305,759 28.20 4 69
Greens and Left Alliance 1,018,669 3.63 11 1 0 0 0 52,994 4.89 0 12
More Europe 793,961 2.83 0 2 0 0 0 29,971 2.76 0 2
Civic Commitment 169,165 0.60 0 1 0 0 0 11,590 1.07 0 1
Five Star Movement 4,333,972 15.43 41 4,333,972 15.43 10 0 0 0 93,338 8.61 1 52
Action – Italia Viva 2,186,669 7.79 21 2,186,669 7.79 0 0 0 0 60,499 5.58 0 21
South Tyrolean People's Party – PATT 117,010 0.42 1 117,010 0.42 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 3
South calls North 212,685 0.76 0 212,685 0.76 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
Aosta Valley (political coalition) 0 0 0 0 0 0 20,763 38.63 1 0 0 0 1
Associative Movement of Italians Abroad 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 141,356 13.04 1 1
Others 1,599,227 5.68 0 1,599,227 5.68 0 16,967 32.57 0 106,847 9.85 0 0
Total 28,087,782 100.00 245 28,087,782 100.00 146 53,746 100.00 1 1,084,303 100.00 8 400

Senate of the Republic

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Coalition Party Proportional First-past-the-post Aosta Valley Trentino-Alto Adige Overseas Total
seats
Votes % Seats Votes % Seats Votes % Seats Votes % Seats Votes % Seats
Centre-right coalition (Italy) Brothers of Italy 7,167,136 26.01 34 12,129,547 44.02 31 18,509 34.05 0 137,015 27.24 0 294,712 27.05 0 65
Lega (political party) 2,439,200 8.85 13 14 1 1 0 29
Forza Italia (2013) 2,279,802 8.27 9 9 0 0 0 18
Us Moderates 243,409 0.88 0 2 0 1 0 0 0 3
Centre-left coalition (Italy) Democratic Party – Democratic and Progressive Italy 5,226,732 18.96 31 7,161,688 25.99 4 0 0 0 149,682 29,29 1 370,262 33.98 3 39
Greens and Left Alliance 972,316 3.53 3 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4
Campobase 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1
Others 972,214 3.53 0 0 0 0 0 0 14,610 1.34 0 0
Five Star Movement 4,285,894 15.55 23 4,285,894 15.55 5 0 0 0 28,355 5.64 0 101,794 9.34 0 28
Action – Italia Viva 2,131,310 7.73 9 2,131,310 7.73 0 0 0 0 6,782 1.35 0 76,070 6.98 0 9
South Tyrolean People's Party – PATT 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 116,003 23.06 2 0 0 0 2
South calls North 271,549 0.99 0 271,549 0.99 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
Associative Movement of Italians Abroad 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 138,758 12.73 1 1
Others 2,119,823 5,72 0 2,119,823 5,72 0 35,850 65.95 0 65.117 13.42 0 93,107 8.54 0 0
Total 27,569,675 100.00 122 27,569,675 100.00 67 54,359 100.00 1 502,954 100.00 6 1,090,147 100.00 4 200

Italian Republic general election results voter turnout

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Year Voter turnout Voters Registered voters Population Invalid votes
1946 89.08% 24,947,187 28,005,449 44,994,000 7.70%
1948 92.23% 26,854,203 29,117,554 45,706,000 2.20%
1953 93.87% 28,410,851 30,267,080 47,756,000 4.30%
1958 93.72% 30,399,708 32,436,022 49,041,000 2.80%
1963 92.88% 31,766,058 34,201,660 50,498,000 3.20%
1968 92.79% 33,003,249 35,566,681 52,910,000 3.60%
1972 93.18% 34,524,106 37,049,654 54,410,000 3.20%
1976 93.37% 37,741,404 40,423,131 55,701,000 2.70%
1979 90.35% 38,112,228 42,181,664 56,292,000 3.90%
1983 89.02% 39,114,321 43,936,534 56,836,000 5.70%
1987 88.86% 40,599,490 45,689,829 57,345,000 4.90%
1992 87.44% 41,479,764 47,435,964 56,859,000 5.40%
1994 86.14% 41,461,260 48,135,041 57,049,000 5.90%
1996 82.91% 40,496,438 48,846,238 57,239,000 7.80%
2001 81.44% 40,195,500 49,358,947 57,684,294 7.20%
2006 83.62% 39,298,497 46,997,601 58,103,033 2.90%
2008 80.54% 37,954,253 47,126,326 58,147,733 5.10%
2013 75.19% 35,271,541 46,905,154 61,482,297 3.59%
2018 72.93% 33,923,321 46,505,499 60,589,445 4.33%

Graph of the results of the Italian Republic general elections

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This graph shows the results of elections held in Italy from 1946 to 2018, with the percentages of consensus gathered by the various parties and movements displayed by color. Passing your mouse over the different colored sections will display the name of the grouping and the percentage in the corresponding election. Clicking on a region will direct you to the article on the party or election selected.

Graph of Italian general electionsBirth of the Italian Republic#Referendum1946 Italian general election1948 Italian general election1953 Italian general election1958 Italian general election1963 Italian general election1968 Italian general election1972 Italian general election1976 Italian general election1979 Italian general election1983 Italian general election1987 Italian general election1992 Italian general election1994 Italian general election1996 Italian general election2001 Italian general election2006 Italian general election2008 Italian general election2013 Italian general electionItalian Communist Party 18,93Italian Socialist Party of Proletarian Unity 20,68Action Party 1,45Italian Republican Party 4,36OthersChristian Democracy 35,21National Democratic Union 6,78National Bloc of Freedom 2,77Common Man's Front 5,27Popular Democratic Front 30,98Italian Democratic Socialist Party 7,07Italian Republican Party 2,48OthersChristian Democracy 48,51National Bloc 3,82Monarchist National Party 2,78Italian Social Movement 2,01Italian Communist Party 22,6Italian Socialist Party 12,7OthersItalian Democratic Socialist Party 4,52Italian Republican Party 1,62Christian Democracy 40,1Italian Liberal Party 3,01Monarchist National Party 6,85Italian Social Movement 5,84Italian Communist Party 22,68Italian Socialist Party 14,23OthersItalian Democratic Socialist Party 4,55Italian Republican Party-Radical Party 1,37Italian Republican Party-Radical Party 1,37Christian Democracy 42,36Italian Liberal Party 3,54People's Monarchist Party 2,63Monarchist National Party 2,23Italian Social Movement 4,76Italian Communist Party 25,26Italian Socialist Party 13,84OthersItalian Democratic Socialist Party 6,10Italian Republican Party 1,37Christian Democracy 38,29Italian Liberal Party 6,97Italian Democratic Party of Monarchist Unity 1,75Italian Social Movement 5,11Italian Communist Party 26,91Italian Socialist Party of Proletarian Unity 4,45OthersUnified Socialist Party 14,48Italian Republican Party 1,97Christian Democracy 39,12Italian Liberal Party 5,82Italian Democratic Party of Monarchist Unity 1,30Italian Social Movement 4,45Communist Party of Italy Marxist-Leninist 0,26Manifesto 0,67Political Movement of Workers 0,36Italian Communist Party 27,15Italian Socialist Party of Proletarian Unity 1,94Italian Socialist Party 9,61OthersItalian Democratic Socialist Party 5,14Italian Republican Party 2,86Christian Democracy 38,66Italian Liberal Party 3,88Italian Social Movement 8,67Proletarian Democracy 1,51Italian Communist Party 34,37Italian Socialist Party 9,65OthersItalian Democratic Socialist Party 3,37Radical Party 1,07Italian Republican Party 3,09Christian Democracy 38,71Italian Liberal Party 1,30Italian Social Movement 6,11Proletarian Unity Party 1,37New Left United 0,80Italian Communist Party 30,38Italian Socialist Party 9,81OthersItalian Democratic Socialist Party 3,84Radical Party 3,45Italian Republican Party 3,03Christian Democracy 38,30Italian Liberal Party 1,94National Democracy 0,63Italian Social Movement 5,26Proletarian Democracy 1,47Italian Communist Party 29,89Italian Socialist Party 11,44OthersItalian Democratic Socialist Party 4,09Radical Party 2,19Italian Republican Party 5,08Christian Democracy 32,93Italian Liberal Party 2,89Italian Social Movement 6,81Proletarian Democracy 1,66Italian Communist Party 26,57Italian Socialist Party 14,27Federation of Green Lists 2,51OthersItalian Democratic Socialist Party 2,96Radical Party 2,56Italian Republican Party 3,70Christian Democracy 34,31Italian Liberal Party 2,10Italian Social Movement 5,91Communist Refoundation Party 5,62Democratic Party of the Left 16,11Italian Socialist Party 13,62Greens 2,79OthersThe Network 1,86Italian Democratic Socialist Party 2,71Pannella List 1,24Italian Republican Party 4,39Christian Democracy 29,66Northern League 8,65Italian Liberal Party 2,86Italian Social Movement 5,37Communist Refoundation Party 6,05Democratic Party of the Left 20,36Italian Socialist Party 2,19Greens 2,70Democratic Alliance 1,18The Network 1,86OthersSegni Pact 4,68Italian People's Party 11,07Pannella List 3,51Northern League 8,36Forza Italia 21,01National Alliance 13,47Communist Refoundation Party 8,6Democratic Party of the Left 21,1Greens 2,5Italian Renewal 4,3Populars for Prodi 6,8OthersNorthern League 10,1Pannella-Sgarbi List 1,9CCD - CDU 5,8CCD - CDU 5,8Forza Italia 20,6National Alliance 15,7Tricolour Flame 0,9Communist Refoundation Party 5,03Party of Italian Communists 1,67Democrats of the Left 16,57The Daisy 14,52The Sunflower 2,17Italy of Values 3,89Bonino List 2,24European Democracy 2,39OthersNew PSI 0,95Northern League 3,94White Flower 3,22Forza Italia 29,43National Alliance 12,02Tricolour Flame 0,39Communist Refoundation Party 5,84Party of Italian Communists 2,31L'Ulivo 31,27Greens 2,05Rose in the Fist 2,59Italy of Values 2,29UDEUR 1,39Others of UnionOthersOthers of House of FreedomsNorthern League 4,58Union of Christian and Centre Democrats 6,76Forza Italia 23,71National Alliance 12,33Social Alternative 0,66Tricolour Flame 0,60Workers' Communist Party 0,57Critical Left 0,45The Left – The Rainbow 3,08Democratic Party 33,17Italy of Values 4,37Socialist Party 0,97OthersUnion of the Centre 5,62Movement for Autonomy 1,12Northern League 8,29The People of Freedom 37,38The Right–Tricolour Flame 2,428Left Ecology Freedom 3,16Democratic Party 25,52Civil Revolution 2,19Others 4,00Civic Choice 8,58Union of the Centre 1,74Five Star Movement 25,14Northern League 3,98The People of Freedom 21,37
Graph of Italian general elections

This other graph shows, instead, the elections from 1946 to 2022 relative to the total eligible voters; providing an illustration of the phenomenon of electoral abstentionism.

Italian general elections (1946-2022)  Source

List of presidential elections

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Provisional Head of State

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See also: 1946 Italian institutional referendum

President of the Republic

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List of general elections

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Main article: Italian general elections

Kingdom of Italy

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Italian Republic

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List of European Parliament elections

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List of regional elections

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For the most recent elections, see 2023 Italian regional elections.

Referendums

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Main article: Referendums in Italy

Overview

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The constitution of Italy provides for two kinds of binding referendums.

A legislative referendum can be called in order to abrogate a law totally or partially, if requested by 500,000 electors or five regional councils. This kind of referendum is valid only if at least a majority of electors goes to the polling station. It is forbidden to call a referendum regarding financial laws or laws relating to pardons or the ratification of international treaties.

A constitutional referendum can be called in order to approve a constitutional law or amendment only when it has been approved by the Houses (Chamber of Deputies and Senate of the Republic) with a majority of less than two thirds in both or either House, and only at the request of one fifth of the members of either House, or 500,000 electors or five Regional Councils. A constitutional referendum is valid no matter how many electors go to the polling station. Any citizen entitled to vote in an election may participate in a referendum.

List of referendums

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See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b Viganò, Edoardo Alberto (2023). "Electoral Incentives and Geographical Representation: Evidence from an Italian Electoral Reform". Legislative Studies Quarterly. doi:10.1111/lsq.12418. ISSN 0362-9805.
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